The diabetes prevalence in India stands at 9.3% according to 2018 and is rising at a fast rate. A well-functioning pancreas preserves glucose homeostasis and prevents diabetes. Glucose homeostasis is maintained by secretion of insulin from pancreatic beta cells that lowers blood glucose after a meal. Although mechanisms behind secretion of insulin have been studied for years, a clear subcellular view on secretion had remained elusive. My talk will focus on molecular drivers that show subcellular changes in diabetes in both the young and the older people. We have been pursuing high-resolution microscopy approaches to understand the islet environment to understand the functional changes brought about by these molecular drivers. This can provide novel insights into islet dysfunction during diabetes at multiple levels such as single cells of islet, whole islet, islet cell interactions, and pancreas functioning.